中药抗乙肝病毒活性及作用机制的研究进展

乙肝病毒是一种能导致机体产生急性或慢性乙型肝炎（乙肝）的嗜肝性DNA病毒。乙肝现已成为全球性公共卫生疾病，易恶化发展为肝硬化、肝衰竭，甚至肝癌，严重威胁着人类的健康。中药及其活性成分发挥着重要的抗乙肝病毒活性，对中药抗乙肝病毒活性及其作用机制进行综述，以期为今后抗乙肝病毒研究提供一定的参考。     

Derivation and Validation of a Model to Predict 30-Day Readmission in Surgical Patients Discharged to Skilled Nursing Facility

ObjectivesTo identify factors associated with 30-day all-cause readmission rates in surgical patients discharged to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), and derive and validate a risk score.DesignRetrospective cohort.Setting and participantsPatients admitted to 1 tertiary hospital's surgical services between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2014 and subsequently discharged to 110 SNFs within a 25-mile radius of the hospital. The first 2 years were used for the derivation set and the last 2 for validation.MethodsData were collected on 30-day all cause readmissions, patient demographics, procedure and surgical service, comorbidities, laboratory tests, and prior health care utilization. Multivariate regression was used to identify risk factors for readmission.ResultsDuring the study period, 2405 surgical patients were discharged to 110 SNFs, and 519 (21.6%) of these patients experienced readmission within 30 days. In a multivariable regression model, hospital length of stay [odds ratio (OR) per day: 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.04], number of hospitalizations in past year (OR 1.24 per hospitalization, 95% CI 1.18-1.31), nonelective surgery (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.18-1.65), low-risk service (orthopedic/spine service) (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.25-0.42), and intermediate-risk service (cardiothoracic surgery/urology/gynecology/ear, nose, throat) (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53-0.88) were associated with all-cause readmissions. The model had a C index of 0.71 in the validation set. Using the following risk score [0.8 × (hospital length of stay) + 7 × (number of hospitalizations in past year) +10 for nonelective surgery, +36 for high-risk surgery, and +20 for intermediate-risk surgery], a score of >40 identified patients at high risk of 30-day readmission (35.8% vs 12.6%, P < .001).Conclusions/ImplicationsAmong surgical patients discharged to an SNF, a simple risk score with 4 parameters can accurately predict the risk of 30-day readmission.     

A novel lncRNA-LINC01116 regulates tumorigenesis of glioma by targeting VEGFA

Brain glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and one of the leading causes of death in patients with intracranial tumors. The clinical outcome of glioma is usually poor due to abundant vascularity, fast growth and susceptibility of invasion to normal brain tissues. Our microarray study showed that lncRNA-LINC01116 was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues and played an important role in cell proliferation, cycle, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) may be the major target genes in the downstream of lncRNA-LINC01116. Dual luciferase assay showed that LINC01116 and VEGFA both contained a miR-31-5p binding site, and LINC01116 could regulate the expression of VEGFA through competitive absorption of miR-31-5p. RNA immunoprecipitation indicated that LINC01116 and VEGFA were present in the miR-31-5p-RISC complex, and biotinylated miR-31-5p pull-down assay suggested that there was a competitive relationship between LINC01116 and VEGFA to bind with miR-31-5p. Collectively, our study has identified a novel lncRNA-LINC01116 and clarified the role and mechanism of LINC01116 in the tumorigenesis of glioma. LINC01116 may prove to be a potential target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of glioma.     

唐以前医籍中有关消渴病饮食服药宜忌探析

消渴病与饮食关系密切,关于消渴病发病及治疗过程中的饮食、服药宜忌古已有之。其思想发源于《内经》,具体论述始于《伤寒杂病论》,在魏晋南北朝时期的诸多医籍中不断积累完善,到了唐代《外台秘要》和《医心方》时已经比较成熟,能够自成体系。通过系统总结唐以前医籍所载关于消渴病饮食及服药宜忌内容,分析其内在规律,有助于扩展和加深对糖尿病饮食宜忌相关的学术研究。     

国内外安宁疗护准入标准的研究进展

安宁疗护可提高患者在生命终末阶段的生活质量，减轻患者和家属的身心痛苦。科学合理的安宁疗护准入标准可帮助医护人员识别出需要安宁疗护服务的患者，使其及时获得安宁疗护服务，因此明确安宁疗护的准入标准是推进安宁疗护发展的基础。本文就国内外安宁疗护准入标准的制定方法、具体内容及优缺点进行综述，以期为我国安宁疗护准入标准的构建提供参考。     

中药活性成分大黄素用于治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的可能性

2019新型冠状病毒感染已严重威胁到人们的健康和生活,但目前尚无特效治疗药物对其进行有效的防控。大黄素作为蓼科植物大黄及虎杖的主要活性成分,具有广谱的抗病毒活性,对包括SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)、流感病毒、HIV病毒、HBV病毒等的感染和复制具有抑制作用。因此,本文就抗SARS-CoV的中成药及中药复方、大黄素及复方制剂抗病毒的机制、含大黄及虎杖的复方制剂抗病毒的临床研究和大黄素用于治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的可能性进行综述,旨在探讨其治疗2019新型冠状病毒的临床可能性。     

PTPN6通过抑制SP1/p38 MAPK信号通路促进前列腺癌细胞的化疗敏感性

目的:研究PTPN6对前列腺癌细胞PC3的作用及其作用机制。方法:RT-PCR和Western blot实验检测前列腺癌组织和细胞以及癌旁组织和人前列腺上皮细胞中PTPN6的表达量；CCK-8和EDU染色实验检测PTPN6对前列腺癌细胞PC3增殖的影响；Western blot实验检测耐药相关蛋白P-gp和MRP-1的蛋白表达水平。结果:RT-PCR和Western blot结果显示，PTPN6在前列腺癌组织和细胞中的表达量显著低于癌旁组织和人前列腺上皮细胞中的表达量；过表达PTPN6显著抑制前列腺癌PC3细胞的增殖，并降低PC3细胞的耐药性；进一步的研究结果表明PTPN6可通过抑制SP1，并抑制p38 MAPK通路抑制PC3细胞的增殖和耐药。结论:PTPN6能够抑制前列腺癌细胞PC3的增殖和耐药，提高其化疗敏感性，作用机制是通过调控SP1/p38 MAPK信号通路来实现的，这一结果能够为临床上前列腺癌的诊断和治疗提供分子基础。     

miR-29a靶向调控CLDN1抑制肝癌细胞增殖的实验研究

目的:探讨miR-29a在肝癌组织中的表达水平，及其对人肝癌细胞增殖能力的影响。方法:通过RT-PCR测定肝癌组织及非肝癌组织中miR-29a的表达水平；将携带miR-29a的脂质体miR-29a mimic、空载体miR-NC以及miR-29a抑制剂anti-miR-29a转染入肝癌细胞系HepG2和HLE，通过RT-PCR方法检测miR-29a对肝癌细胞系HepG2、HLE增殖能力影响；通过Targetscan软件预测miR-29a靶基因，采用Western blot及荧光素酶实验验证。结果:与非肝癌组织比较，miR-29a在肝癌组织中表达下调，MTT实验提示:miR-29a高表达组肝癌细胞增殖能力较弱，miR-29a低表达组肝癌细胞增殖能力提高。Targetscan软件提示:CLDN1可能为miR-29a靶基因，Western blot及荧光素酶实验提示:与阴性对照组相比，miR-29a高表达组内CLDN1表达下降，相反miR-29a低表达组内CLDN1表达增加。结论:miR-29a在肝癌细胞及组织中表达下调，并且可能通过调控CLDN1影响肝癌细胞增殖能力。     

Comparison of microtransplantation,chemotherapy and allogeneic transplantation in post-remission therapy for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph⁺ ALL) have poor prognosis, and the efficacy of chemotherapy plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) followed by mismatched donor stem cell infusion (microtransplantation, MST) has not been determined. We retrospectively summarized 45 patients including 11 undergoing MST with TKIs, 17 receiving allogeneic transplant and 17 undergoing chemotherapy with TKIs. Improved 4-year overall survival rate was observed in the MST group (91%) compared with either transplant group (31%, P = .005) or chemotherapy group (36%, P = .013). The MST group also had higher 2-year and 4-year leukemia-free survival rates (91% and 72%, respectively) compared with either transplant group (33%, P = .005 and 33%, P = .021, respectively) or chemotherapy group (41%, P = .017 and 31%, P = .023, respectively). 2-year and 4-year cumulative incidences of hematologic relapse were lower in the MST group (9% and 28%, respectively) compared with those in the chemotherapy group (56%, P = .025 and 67%, P = .034, respectively). In patients undergoing MST, donor microchimerism was detected (1.07 × 10^-5 to 6.6 × 10^-4 copies from 9 to 1499 days) in 7 patients, and donor/patient-derived HLA*0201/2402⁺WT1⁺CD8⁺ T cells were found from 0.05% to 0.67% in 6 patients. MST may provide a favorable treatment for patients with Ph⁺ ALL.     

住院医师规范化培训中引入Mini-CEX的实践

目的　观察对住院医师规范化培训部分学员使用Mini-CEX进行临床教学的效果。方法选取我院2015级住培学员40名，随机分为对照组和实验组，每组20人。2015年10月至2018年4月，对照组采用传统教学；实验组在传统教学基础上结合Mini-CEX活动，实验组每人在每个轮转科室至少进行2次Mini-CEX。毕业时应用改良的Mini-CEX评分量表、病例答辩和OSCE三种考核方法对两组学员进行测评。针对实施过Mini-CEX的教师和学员分别发放问卷，进行满意度调查。采用SPSS 18.0对数据进行统计分析，组间比较采用独立样本t检验，组内前后比较采用配对样本t检验。结果 Mini-CEX测评显示，两组学员各项临床能力毕业成绩均高于入学成绩，实验组学员毕业成绩优于对照组，实验组学员成绩提高分数大于对照组提高分数，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。病例答辩显示，实验组学员平均成绩为（81.16±3.75）分，优于对照组的（70.13±3.88）分，差异有统计学意义（t= -9.140，P=0.000）。OSCE考核显示，实验组平均总分为（96.300±4.681），优于对照组的（91.775±3.227）分，差异有统计学意义（t=-3.559，P=0.001）。共发放调查问卷80份，其中教师40份、学员40份，结果显示教师满意率达95.0%、学员满意率达92.5%。结论　Mini-CEX应用于住院医师规范化培训临床带教中，有利于提高学员的临床思维、医患沟通和人文关怀能力。